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ManuScript is a simple, music-based programming language developed to write plug-ins for the Sibelius music processor. It is based on Simkin, an embedded scripting language developed by Simon Whiteside (www.larts.co.uk/simkin.html), and has been extended by him and Graham Westlake. (Simkin is a spooky pet name for Simon sometimes found in Victorian novels.) Rationale In adding a plug-in language to Sibelius we were trying to address several different issues: Music notation is complex and infinitely extensible, so some users will sometimes want to add to a music notation program to make it cope with these new extensions. It is useful to allow frequently repeated operations (e.g. opening a MIDI file and saving it as a score) to be automated, using a system of scripts or macros. Certain more complex techniques used in composing or arranging music can be partly automated, but there are too many to include as standard features in Sibelius. There were several conditions that we wanted to meet in deciding what language to use: The language had to be simple, as we want normal users (not just seasoned programmers) to be able to use it. We wanted plug-ins to be usable on any computer, as the use of PC?s, Macs and other platforms is widespread in the music world. We wanted the tools to program in the language to be supplied with Sibelius. We wanted musical concepts (pitch, notes, bars) to be easily expressed in the language. We wanted programs to be able to talk to Sibelius easily (to insert and retrieve information from scores). We wanted simple dialog boxes and other user interface elements to be easily programmed. C/C++, the world?s ?standard? programming language(s), were unsuitable as they are not easy for the non-specialist to use, they would need a separate compiler, and you would have to recompile for each different platform you wanted to support (and thus create multiple versions of each plug-in). The language Java was more promising as it is relatively simple and can run on any platform without recompilation. However, we would still need to supply a compiler for people to use, and we could not express musical concepts in Java as directly as we could with a new language. So we decided to create our own language which is interpreted so it can run on different platforms; is integrated into Sibelius without any need for separate tools, and can be extended with new musical concepts at any time. The ManuScript language that resulted is very simple.

Little Enough Or Too Much Essay Essay

The case â€Å"Little Enough or Too Much† describes a company which produces a new industrial lubricant by the name of Chemical X. With approval from the government, the company dumps all excess chemical waste into a nearby river, commonly used by other producers, and in the production process chooses eliminate an addition step which would have led to reduced dumping of chemical waste. This is done in order to ensure cost efficiencies and competitiveness, however, a worker by the name of Bryan believes action should be taken in order to protect the environment and live up to the company’s promise of environmental consciousness, with the potential pollution and harm posed by this current process. Having already expressed his concerns to plant supervisor Bill Gates, it is clear that altering the current plan is not of any concern to the company (Heist, 1992). This case brings light to a very important moral issue: Does Bryan have any obligation or responsibility for takin g action and informing others in order to ensure that this issue is resolved? Seeing as the company currently perceives no reason to make adjustments to the production process, with their investment currently thriving, this puts Bryan in a very difficult position. However, there are possible solutions. Bryan could try and gather enough data from the engineers and chemists involved in the production process which would provide evidence to Bryan’s concerns and reproach Bill Gates with his findings. Alternatively, he could approach individuals outside of the organization, such as the government, to see that action is taken to solve the problem (â€Å"Little Enough or†, 1992). Based on the ethical theory of virtue ethics, which emphasizes decisions to be made based upon one’s own moral character, Bryan does indeed have an obligation to inform others of the necessity of this issue to be resolved and therefor, should take action. Virtue ethics teaches us that individuals should make decisions based on their own character and personal beliefs, â€Å"rather than relying on external laws and customs of [a] person’s culture† (Gowdy, 2013). It is made clear that Bryan is extremely uncomfortable with the decisions being made by the company and does not believe they are right. With the government’s authorisation for additional waste discarding and the evident approval among supervisors and co-workers, benefiting from the increase in profits through the firm’s profit-sharing program, Bryan’s current business culture seems to contradict his inner beliefs. However, according to virtue ethics, these  factors should not influence his final decision and therefor it would be logical for him to pursue this issue. Similarly, this theory places great emphasis on directing an individual’s attention away from popular belief and focusing on one’s own opinion and thoughts (Gowdy, 2013). Bryan should then not let his own judgement be clouded, merely because others do not view the situation from his perspective, and listen to his instincts which appear to be telling him that the company is making a huge mistake. Referring back to Greek thinkers Plato and Aristotle, it is said that individuals should ultimately make decisions which rein force key virtues such as courage, justice and honesty, and that through consistent application, individuals are able to acquire good habits of character. Ultimately, this will cause them to be able to better regulate their emotions and make morally correct decisions when faced with difficulties (Cline, n.d.). Based on this, in order to ensure that Bryan continues to make moral decisions throughout the rest of his life and is able to truly live virtuously, he should make an attempt to have the additional step implemented into the production process, thus reducing the amount of pollution. This is because such a decision would display the characteristic of courage on Bryan’s behalf, given that he is being faced with peers only interested in the current benefits being presented to them: money and short-term organizational success. These motives of greed would then fall under the category of bad habits, or â€Å"vices†, which Bryan should avoid in order to make moral decisions (Cline, n.d.). While Bryan is able to see the benefits of this product, as perceived by his peers, he cannot ignore the fact that excess pollution will most likely cause more problems for the company in the future. With the river being located so closely to the factory, if evidence does prove that excess chemical waste will have extremely harmful health effects, this not only puts the local environment and wildlife in danger, but also the lives of the factory’s workers if the landfill continues to grow. Therefore, attempting to minimize these effects would satisfy the virtue of justice. Other ethical theories such as Utilitarianism may argue that since the current production process is causing an increase in profits, quite substantial when compared to the past few mediocre quarters, choosing to leave the current process as it is will benefit the greatest number of people (â€Å"Utilitarianism†, 2007). However, as Bryan identifies, this is merely a short term projection of  benefits. The company has not taken into consideration the costs of implementing this additional step, as well as the potential harm from pollution in their analysis. Not to mention the fact that the company is technically lying to the public. While the company publicly states that all actions are taken in order to minimize harmful environmental effects, Chemical X proves this statement to be false. If some consumer’s purchased this product because they believed they were doing good for the environ ment, as apparently advertised, they would be deceived entirely. Essentially, it is as if the consumers are being â€Å"greenwashed† by being fed false information in for hopes of organizational benefits, although no extensive marketing campaign has been executed (Furlow, 2010).While the company believes that slowing down production in order to implement this additional step will only draw attention to themselves and cause suspicion from environmental groups, would it not be worse if they were to discover this dishonesty down the road, only after the lie had snowballed over many years? At least if they were to correct this mistake now, they would be able to sustain this image of ecological concern by actively solving problems and admitting to their own errors in judgement. In order to satisfy the issues presented in this case, the ethical solution would be for Bryan to reproach Bill Gates and convince him that the additional phase in production must be implemented. This would be achieved by contacting the engineers and chemists involved in the production of Chemical X in order to derive concrete evidence that the current plan will be harmful and support Bryan’s claim (â€Å"Little Enough or†, 1992). Considering the amount of safety precautions taken and training requirement on behalf of employees within chemical factories, there surely must be some sort of evidence to prove the damaging effects of their current process in order to draw attention to change. If it was then agreed upon to proceed with this plan, it would help to minimize the harmful effects on the environment and factory in general. In addition to Bryan being able to make a moral decision which will help him maintain a virtuous character in future difficulties, this would potentially have a positive effect on the character of other employees. Previously, the company was being dishonest to the public regarding their ecological motives which over time could have reinforced the concept that dishonesty in the workplace is acceptable and feed into greed, both vices for which no employer should  encourage. By living up to the company’s initial claim, this would potentially help reverse these effects. In conclusion, Bryan should follow his own beliefs and personal character and take action towards having the company implement an additional step in the production process of Chemical X. Thus, enabling him to make proper moral decisions in the future, sustain key virtues and minimize potential harmful effects on the environment and health of factory workers. Despite being a new employee and the idea that Bryan should avoid being a â€Å"troublemaker†, it cannot be simply denied that there is some form of injustice in this case and simply ignoring such injustice would stain one’s own moral character. References Cline, A. (n.d.). Virtue Ethics: Morality and Character. Retrieved November 28, 2014, from http://atheism.about.com/od/ethicalsystems/a/virtueethics.htm Furlow, N. (2010). Greenwashing in the New Millennium. The Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 10(6), 22-25. Retrieved November 28, 2014, from ABI/INFORM Global. Gowdy, L. (2013, October 15). Virtue Ethics. Retrieved November 28, 2014, from http://www.ethicsmorals.com/ethicsvirtue.html Heist, E. (1992, January 1). Little Enough or Too Much. Retrieved November 25, 2014, from https://learn.humber.ca/bbcswebdav/pid-1288113-dt-content-rid-6008416_1/courses/5773.201470/227_case1.pdf Little Enough or Too Much Teaching Notes. (1992). Retrieved November 28, 2014, from http://wpweb2.tepper.cmu.edu/ethics/AA/mgmt04-notes.pdf Utilitarianism. (2007). In Political philosophy A-Z. Retrieved from http://search.credoreference.com.rap.ocls.ca/content/entry/edinburghppaz/utilitarianism/0

Ethical issues Essay

Similarly Newman used a correlation to interpret the findings from his study and found a relationship between undefended space and levels of crime. Correlations cannot show cause and effect, therefore other causes of these findings cannot be ruled out. One other possible explanation may have been that the different estates compared by Newman were simply in high or low crime areas, or that policing tactics of the areas was different. However in contrast Brower et al (1981) used interviews to try and establish how people felt about areas of defensible space. Interviews are a good way of obtaining rich and detailed data, however unlike Newman’s data which was factual (recorded crime figures) interview data is qualitative and needs to be interpreted by the researcher. Inevitably the way this is done may be influenced by the researchers views and therefore biased. In addition to this, as in the research by Mercer, there are issues relating to the honesty of people interviewed and providing socially acceptable responses to be considered. The research by Ley was an observation and therefore, as in Smith’s observation, this research could be argued to have greater ecological validity than research using laboratory methods, however there are problems again of observer bias affecting what is recorded. Also this study used institutionalised delinquents as participants and therefore it is difficult to generalise the results to any other situations, although the findings do have implications for institutions. Ethical issues may be particularly relevant in this study as carrying out observations of institutionalised participants may be a breach of their right to withdraw from the study. It could also be argued that if the observations were carried out by a researcher their presence may have affected the behaviour, on the other hand if video cameras were used covertly there may be a problem in ensuring that all behaviour was observed, in addition to the ethical issues mentioned. Designers and architects could use the research mentioned to ensure that working areas meant for males and females have varied sizes in order to take account of different gender needs for space. When designing housing estates architects need to ensure that the semi public areas are defensible in that they are overlooked and have markers to suggest ownership. They should also include barriers and fenced areas around homes and use plants and foliage as markers. In institutional design it would seem important to use design to clearly mark out areas in order to try and create established boundaries and reduce aggression caused by disorderly space use. It may be possible to include specific time slots for prisoners to use semi public areas to help reduce any aggression caused by dominance of most desirable areas.

Peak, Peek, and Pique. How to Use these Homophones Correctly.

Peak, Peek, and Pique. How to Use these Homophones Correctly. Homophones are words that sound the same when spoken but have different meanings and spellings. Peak, peek, and pique are examples of homophones. These three words are often used in business so let's clarify each one. A peak is a topmost point, such as a mountain peak, or to reach that point: We're at peak demand right now. We need more staff assigned. A peek is a glance or a quick look. It has a fun, furtive innuendo. It can also mean to glance or to peer at. It's frequently paired with sneak - I took a sneak peek at next quarter's sales projections. The similar spelling of sneak and peak can lead you to use the incorrect peak. Correct use of peek: Accountants peeked at the new software at the annual meeting. Fashion week offers a sneak peek at pink running shoes. Pique means to bring interest or excitement. You will sometimes see peek one's interest for pique one's interest, but don't be fooled. If you're piquing someone's interest, you are exciting their interest not taking a quick look at it: The training proposal piqued my interest. Decisions will be more accurate if field staff can write shorter, more accurate reports on drilling productivity. Dictionary.com offers spelling tips to help you remember the correct use of peak, peek, and pique. You have to reach to gain the peak. If you peer at something, you are peeking. And if you're piqued about something, there's usually a question in your mind about it.

The Email Marketing Calendar Template You Need to Get Organized

The Email Marketing Calendar Template You Need to Get Organized You know how hard it is to keep your email marketing schedule organized. Right now, you’re operating under the assumption that something is going to go wrong because your email workflow is (to put it bluntly) a mess. But, it doesn’t have to be. Using an email marketing calendar will help you: Keep track of every email in a campaign. Organize your email lists. Meet your deadlines. Find the content that’s associated with specific emails. And more. So keep reading, and download your email marketing calendar template to go from managing a chaotic mess to sending emails stress-free. The Best Email Calendar Template You Need to Manage Marketing Newsletters via @Download Your Email Marketing Calendar Template Make it easy on yourself and download your free email marketing calendar template. This easy-to-use Excel spreadsheet will give you and your email marketing team the bird’s eye view you need to keep every email campaign you send organized. Get your free #email #marketing calendar template from @... Or Plan and Execute ALL Your Newsletters With With Email Marketing from , you can: Seamlessly integrate with your *favorite* email marketing platform. You already have a kick-a$$ email platform you know and love, so why give it up? With Email Marketing, you can easily connect your preferred email platform to with just a couple clicks. Write click-worthy email subject lines...every time.  With Email Marketing, you can use ’s *exclusive* Email Subject Line Tester to optimize and perfect every subject line to drive more  opens, more  clicks, and more conversions. Get full visibility into your ENTIRE  marketing strategy. Say â€Å"buh-bye† to disjointed marketing content (and constantly jumping from screen to screen). With Email Marketing, it’s easy to see how your email campaigns relate to the rest of your marketing strategy and quickly make adjustments if necessary. With Email Marketing, you can easily connect your preferred email platform: MailChimp Campaign Monitor Constant Contact ActiveCampaign See how it works here. Or, if you're ready to try it yourself, snag a free trial or schedule a demo. Why Is Email Marketing Important For Your Business? Is email marketing really worth the effort? It is. For B2B marketers, email is considered the third most influential source of information, and 77% of B2C customers  prefer to get permission-based promotional messages via email. Email allows you to connect with your audience, and with the addition of email automation tools, you can create personalized content that reaches their inboxes at the right time  for them. Not to mention, email allows you to keep your organization at the forefront of your customers’ minds. Why? Because we’re in our email inboxes in all the time. In North America alone, 44% of people  check their inbox at least one to three times in a day. Your audience will see your messages whenever they log in. If your emails are timed correctly, you can also guide your audience members through your marketing funnel and convince them to convert. A few more reasons why email marketing should be a part of your overall marketing strategy: Guaranteed delivery:  Your audience has opted in to hear messages from you, use that. Drives more conversions:  Emails drive 6x as many conversions than a single tweet. Your audience is ready to hear about your product instead of casually scrolling through a feed. More ROI:  Email generates a $38 for every $1 spent.

1940-1970 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

1940-1970 - Essay Example rk to the use of montages, Double Life is a treat to a earner like me since, it provides rich literature in how cinematography in the 1940s used to be. From on stage scenes to hall room and bedroom scenes, every frame has the lighting and set up of a plush lifestyle and promises of thrill and adventure in an affluent set-up (Bordwell, Staiger & Thompson, 2003, p.54). One of the main attractions of the move was the lead actor Ronal Colman himself, whose suave and gentlemanly looks and smart dialogues give everyone an assurance of quality. In every frame, in the role of his mistress actress Shelley does a remarkable job as the supporting cast (Cagle, 2012, p.422). By watching the performance of these artists, onlookers get the feeling that acting is not just a profession for such stars. On the contrary, it is like a religion practiced with perfection by these lead artists. The story takes us through the psychological battle of a person who has been asked to play Othello. The uniqueness of the story itself is the second best attraction to me about this film. This actor finds it initially difficult to emote jealousy that is the lethal factor in Othello’s character. While he finally achieves it with success through the help provided by the supporting cast and his mistress, he slowly finds the traits of Othello growing into his sub-conscious and overtaking his normal life, wherein he is now unable to control the jealousy and has repeated experiences of Othello’s character even amidst normal parties and day to day living. The gruesome result of this shift of imaginary character in his real self is that he ends up killing his mistress, taking her to be the real life version of Desdemona, the heroine in Shakespeare’s play Othello, whom Othello kills. All through the scenes, the direct focus on Ronald, the repetition of standard montages like smoking cigarettes and pipes, the mistresses demand and the theater rehearsals and props, keeps the audience aligned to the

Growth Impact of Major Sporting Events Research Paper - 3

Growth Impact of Major Sporting Events - Research Paper Example The focus of this research is to, â€Å"Critically evaluate the awarding of the Football World Cup hosting to the emerging markets of the world.† The research problem has been formulated with respect to the emerging markets. This has presented a huge scope of research and analysis in the paper. In order to address the research problem, the frequency in how the governing body of international football has awarded the hosting of the Football World Cup to the emerging markets have been reviewed. A background study on the mission, vision, and goals of the international governing body namely Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) has been carried out (Bob, Swart and Turco, 2006, p.58). Considering the goals and objectives of the organization, the various factors that have influenced the aspect of voting in favor of the emerging markets have been determined in this research paper. The critical evaluation of FIFA’s decision in awarding emerging markets with the hosting rights of the Football Cup has been determined to the extent to which the goals and objectives of the governing body have been fulfilled with this decision (Baade and Matheson, 2004, p.353). The research problem also established the fairness of the World Cup Bidding Process and the basis of FIFA Executive Committee’s decision in awarding the Football World Cup hosts to the developing countries. In order to analyze the research problem, the positive and the negative impacts on the emerging economies as a result of hosting the World Cup event have been determined.